Pre Money Valuation (PRE) = POST – amount of VC investment
Ownership Fraction (F) = amount of VC investment / POST
Required Shares = # of fund shares * (F / (1-F))
Share Price = amount of VC investment / Required Shares
Discount Rate and Risk: VC investors commonly apply a high discount rate when valuing a fund (30 – 40% for example); this must be done to account for the high degree of risk and uncertainty surrounding venture capital investments.
Leveraged Buyout Valuation
LBOs are commonly valued from an enterprise value perspective.
Performing a NPV or IRR analysis on an LBO investment is somewhat consistent with standard valuation approaches discussed in the equity sections.
The analyst must forecast earnings and cash flows, create a terminal value (the terminal value is commonly based on a multiple), then discount the terminal value.
Special LBO valuation considerations:
- Cash sweep: Depending on the nature of the debt arrangements, the company may be required to retire debt with excess cash flows. Debt may be required to be paid off before any capital can be returned to equity investors. Cash sweep requirements must be accounted for in analyst forecasts.
- Exit Strategy: Much of the investor value will be realized at a single exit point, when the company is sold. This can be in the form of an initial public offering, a private sale, or another leveraged buyout.
Two methods for valuing an LBO from an investor standpoint are the: Target IRR method and the Equity Cost Flow method.
