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Generally when we talk about aesthetics, we talk about the attributes of a chart such as the color, size and shape. However, in ggplot2, it is not just about how something looks but also about how a variable is mapped it to. In our earlier examples, we mapped the Loan.Quality to Color. As a part of the Aesthetics layer, we map variables to aesthetics. This includes a variety of things such as the x-position, y-position, color, fill and so on. So, when we want to plot Credit Amount on y-axis, we are essentially mapping the variable Credit.Amount to y axis.